Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 192
Filter
1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(6): 1706-1711, dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528771

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: For the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia, the foramen ovale is reached by entering the cheek with a needle. Thermocoagulation is performed with balloon compression, administration of alcohol or radiofrequency. Apart from the classical method, it is theoretically possible to reach the foramen ovale through the mouth with the anterior approach. In our study, it was aimed to examine horizontally and vertically the angular values that must be given to the needle to reach the foramen ovale in the anterior approach. Three landmark points were determined on both right and left sides of 25 dry skulls. A rod was inserted starting from these landmark points and passing through the center of the foramen ovale. The vertical and horizontal angular values of this bar were measured. For each foramen ovale, 3 vertical angles, 3 horizontal angles and 4 distance measurements were made. There was a significant difference between the right and left sides in terms of horizontal angular values. Average values of horizontal angles (in degrees); on the right, 7.29 for H1, 12.15 for H2, 32.29 for H3; 1.26 for H1, 9.46 for H2, and 30.56 for H3 on the left side (p<0.005). The angle value was measured as 0 or negative value in 5 (20 %) of the H1 angle measurements made on the right side and 14 (56 %) on the left side. The H2 angle value was found to be smaller than the H1 angle in the skull 2 (8 %) on the right and 3 (12 %) on the left. There was no difference between the right and left sides in terms of vertical angular values. A significant difference was found between the right and left sides in the D1, D2, D4 distances (p<0.005). Six important anatomical features affecting angular values were encountered.


Para el tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigémino, se alcanza el foramen oval introduciendo una aguja en la mejilla. La termocoagulación se realiza con compresión con balón, administración de alcohol o radiofrecuencia. Aparte del método clásico, en teoría es posible alcanzar el foramen oval a través de la cavidad oral mediante el abordaje anterior. En nuestro estudio se tuvo como objetivo examinar horizontal y verticalmente los valores angulares que se deben dar a la aguja para alcanzar el foramen oval en el abordaje anterior. Se determinaron tres puntos de referencia en los lados derecho e izquierdo de 25 cráneos secos. Se insertó una varilla comenzando desde estos puntos de referencia y pasando por el centro del foramen oval. Se midieron los valores angulares verticales y horizontales de esta barra. Para cada foramen oval se realizaron mediciones de 3 ángulos verticales, 3 ángulos horizontales y 4 distancias. Hubo una diferencia significativa entre los lados derecho e izquierdo en términos de valores angulares horizontales. Valores medios de ángulos horizontales (en grados); a la derecha, 7,29 para H1, 12,15 para H2, 32,29 para H3; 1,26 para H1, 9,46 para H2 y 30,56 para H3 en el lado izquierdo (p<0,005). El valor del ángulo se midió como 0 o valor negativo en 5 (20 %) de las mediciones del ángulo H1 realizadas en el lado derecho y 14 (56 %) en el lado izquierdo. Se encontró que el valor del ángulo H2 era menor que el ángulo H1 en el cráneo 2 (8 %) a la derecha y 3 (12 %) a la izquierda. No hubo diferencia entre los lados derecho e izquierdo en términos de valores angulares verticales. Se encontró diferencia significativa entre el lado derecho e izquierdo en las distancias D1, D2, D4 (p<0,005). Se encontraron seis características anatómicas importantes que afectan los valores angulares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sphenoid Bone/anatomy & histology , Rhizotomy , Anatomic Landmarks
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(6): 1744-1750, dic. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528788

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The asterion presents a significant anthropological marking and meeting point between three sutures. It is a surface landmark for the transverse-sigmoid venous sinus complex and is also a surgical landmark for access to the posterior cranial fossa, giving it clinical importance. The aim of this research was to analyze the shape of the asterion and to set the measurement methods that will determine distance between the asterion and surrounding features. The study sample, as a part of the Osteological collection of the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, consisted of 43 skulls. Morphometric analysis was related to the measurement of the defined parameters and descriptive analysis presented the classification of asterion in relation to the presence of sutural bones, as well as the determination of the position of the asterion according to the transverse-sigmoid venous complex. There was a statistically significant difference between male and female skulls for all the measured parameters. The results show that 34.88 % were type 1 (one or more sutural bones are present) and 65.12 % were type 2 asteria (no sutural bones are present). More frequent occurrence of asteria type 2 was seen on both, male and female skulls. The most frequent position of the asteria on both sides of the skull was in the transverse- sigmoid venous complex (76.92 % on the right side vs. 72.22 % on the left cranial side). Clinical significance of knowing the area of asterion is reflected in order to make the surgical, as well as diagnostic procedures, as successful as possible.


El asterion presenta una importante marca antropológica y punto de encuentro entre tres suturas. Es un punto de referencia de superficie para el complejo del seno venoso sigmoideo transverso y también es un punto de referencia quirúrgico para el acceso a la fosa craneal posterior, lo que le confiere importancia clínica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la forma del asterión y establecer los métodos de medición que determinarán la distancia entre el asterión y las características circundantes. La muestra del estudio, que forma parte de la colección osteológica del Departamento de Anatomía de la Facultad de Medicina de Novi Sad, estuvo compuesta por 43 cráneos. El análisis morfométrico se relacionó con la medición de los parámetros definidos y el análisis descriptivo presentó la clasificación del asterion en relación a la presencia de huesos suturales, así como la determinación de la posición del asterion según el complejo venoso transverso-sigmoideo. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los cráneos masculinos y femeninos para todos los parámetros medidos. Los resultados muestran que el 34,88 % eran tipo 1 (hay uno o más huesos suturales presentes) y el 65,12 % eran asteria tipo 2 (no hay huesos suturales presentes). Se observó una aparición más frecuente de asteria tipo 2 en cráneos tanto masculinos como femeninos. La posición más frecuente de la asteria en ambos lados del cráneo fue en el complejo venoso sigmoideo transverso (76,92 % en el lado derecho vs. 72,22 % en el lado craneal izquierdo). La importancia clínica de conocer el área de asterion se refleja en que los procedimientos quirúrgicos y de diagnóstico tengan el mejor resultado posible.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Skull/anatomy & histology , Cranial Fossa, Posterior/anatomy & histology , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks
3.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 889-893, jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514319

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of head and cervical spine posture of skeletal class malocclusion in adolescent with maxillary protraction. Thirty cases of skeletal class malocclusion were randomly selected from the Stomatological Hospital of Shanxi Medical University. High-quality lateral cephalograms were collected including pre- and posttreatment to compare the changes of head and cervical spine posture. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The paired-t test was used to compare pre- and posttreatment mean angular measurements.A significant difference in the SNA(p<0.001), SNB(p<0.01), and ANB(p<0.001) between T1 and T2 showed an improvement in the sagittal relationships. A significant change was observed in middle cervical spine posture, while upper cervical spine posture variables showed no significant difference after treatment. Skeletal class with maxillary protraction appliance not only led to the improvement of sagittal relationship, but also changed the middle cervical spine posture.


El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical debido a la maloclusión clase esquelética en adolescentes con protracción maxilar. Treinta casos de maloclusión de clase esquelética fueron seleccionados al azar del Hospital Estomatológico de la Universidad Médica de Shanxi. Se recogieron cefalogramas laterales de alta calidad, incluidos el tratamiento previo y posterior, para comparar los cambios en la postura de la cabeza y la columna cervical. Los datos se procesaron con el software estadístico SPSS 26.0. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar las medidas angulares medias antes y después del tratamiento. Una diferencia significativa en SNA (p <0,001), SNB (p <0,01) y ANB (p <0,001) entre T1 y T2 mostró una mejora en las relaciones sagitales. Se observó un cambio significativo en la postura de la columna cervical media, mientras que las variables de postura de la columna cervical superior no mostraron diferencias significativas después del tratamiento. La clase esquelética con aparato de protracción maxilar no solo condujo a la mejora de la relación sagital, sino que también cambió la postura de la columna cervical media.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Posture , Cervical Vertebrae/anatomy & histology , Head/anatomy & histology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy , Cephalometry , Anatomic Landmarks
4.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 12(1): 195-203, abr. 4, 2023. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1516516

ABSTRACT

Aim: Correct orientation of the occlusal plane plays a vital role in achieving the perfect occlusal balance and function of complete dentures. This study aimed to evaluate the most reliable posterior reference point of the ala-tragus line (ATL) concerning occlusal plane (OP) in a sample of the dentate Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 subjects with healthy and well-aligned permanent teeth were randomly selected. Right lateral profile photographs were taken with subjects having a fox plane placed intra-orally, contacting the occlusal plane. Reference points corresponding to inferior, middle, and superior borders of the tragus and inferior border of the ala of the nose were marked on photographs. The angles between the lines were measured using the Auto-CAD software program, and the most parallel relationship was determined. Descriptive statistics in terms of means and standard deviations were presented. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA tests were used to compare as appropriate. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean angle formed by the OP and ATL was 8.5±3.69º for the superior level, 4.68±3.13º for the middle line, and 2.89±2.57º for the inferior line. A significant difference was found between the means of the three angles (p< 0.001), while no significant difference (p> 0.05) was found between both genders regarding the measured angles. Conclusions: The line joining the inferior border of the ala of the nose with the inferior border of the tragus of the ear was the most reliable line in terms of parallelism to determine the occlusal plane orientation.


Antecedentes: La orientación correcta del plano oclusal juega un papel vital para lograr el equilibrio oclusal perfecto y la función de las prótesis completas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el punto de referencia posterior más confiable de la línea ala-trago (ATL) con respecto al plano oclusal (OP) en una muestra de la población dentada de Sudán. Materiales y Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente un total de 150 sujetos con dientes permanentes sanos y bien alineados. Se tomaron fotografías de perfil lateral derecho de sujetos a los que se les colocó un plano de zorro intraoralmente, en contacto con el plano oclusal. En las fotografías se marcaron los puntos de referencia correspondientes a los bordes inferior, medio y superior del trago y al borde inferior del ala de la nariz. Los ángulos entre las líneas se midieron utilizando el programa de software Auto-CAD y se determinó la relación más paralela. Se presentaron estadísticas descriptivas en términos de medias y desviaciones estándar. Se utilizaron prueba-t independiente y prueba ANOVA unidireccional para las comparaciones, según correspondiera. Se consideró significativo un valor de p<0,05. Resultados: El ángulo medio formado por OP y ATL fue de 8,5±3,69º para el nivel superior, 4,68±3,13º para la línea media y 2,89±2,57º para la línea inferior. Se encontró una diferencia significativa entre las medias de los tres ángulos (p< 0,001), mientras que no se encontró diferencia significativa (p>0,05) entre ambos sexos con respecto a los ángulos medidos. Conclusión: La línea que une el borde inferior del ala de la nariz con el borde inferior del trago de la oreja fue la línea más confiable en términos de paralelismo para determinar la orientación del plano oclusal.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anatomic Landmarks , Prosthodontics , Sudan , Cephalometry , Cross-Sectional Studies , Denture, Complete
5.
Chinese Journal of Stomatology ; (12): 554-560, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986110

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore an automatic landmarking method for anatomical landmarks in the three-dimensional (3D) data of the maxillary complex and preliminarily evaluate its reproducibility and accuracy. Methods: From June 2021 to December 2022, spiral CT data of 31 patients with relatively normal craniofacial morphology were selected from those who visited the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. The sample included 15 males and 16 females, with the age of (33.3±8.3) years. The maxillary complex was reconstructed in 3D using Mimics software, and the resulting 3D data of the maxillary complex was mesh-refined using Geomagic software. Two attending physicians and one associate chief physician manually landmarked the 31 maxillary complex datasets, determining 24 anatomical landmarks. The average values of the three expert landmarking results were used as the expert-defined landmarks. One case that conformed to the average 3D morphological characteristics of healthy individuals' craniofacial bones was selected as the template data, while the remaining 30 cases were used as target data. The open-source MeshMonk program (a non-rigid registration algorithm) was used to perform an initial alignment of the template and target data based on 4 landmarks (nasion, left and right zygomatic arch prominence, and anterior nasal spine). The template data was then deformed to the shape of the target data using a non-rigid registration algorithm, resulting in the deformed template data. Based on the unchanged index property of homonymous landmarks before and after deformation of the template data, the coordinates of each landmark in the deformed template data were automatically retrieved as the automatic landmarking coordinates of the homonymous landmarks in the target data, thus completing the automatic landmarking process. The automatic landmarking process for the 30 target data was repeated three times. The root-mean-square distance (RMSD) of the dense corresponding point pairs (approximately 25 000 pairs) between the deformed template data and the target data was calculated as the deformation error of the non-rigid registration algorithm, and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of the deformation error in the three repetitions was analyzed. The linear distances between the automatic landmarking results and the expert-defined landmarks for the 24 anatomical landmarks were calculated as the automatic landmarking errors, and the ICC values of the 3D coordinates in the three automatic landmarking repetitions were analyzed. Results: The average three-dimensional deviation (RMSD) between the deformed template data and the corresponding target data for the 30 cases was (0.70±0.09) mm, with an ICC value of 1.00 for the deformation error in the three repetitions of the non-rigid registration algorithm. The average automatic landmarking error for the 24 anatomical landmarks was (1.86±0.30) mm, with the smallest error at the anterior nasal spine (0.65±0.24) mm and the largest error at the left oribital (3.27±2.28) mm. The ICC values for the 3D coordinates in the three automatic landmarking repetitions were all 1.00. Conclusions: This study established an automatic landmarking method for three-dimensional data of the maxillary complex based on a non-rigid registration algorithm. The accuracy and repeatability of this method for landmarking normal maxillary complex 3D data were relatively good.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adult , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Algorithms , Software , Tomography, Spiral Computed , Anatomic Landmarks/anatomy & histology
6.
Journal of Peking University(Health Sciences) ; (6): 174-180, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-971292

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To explore an efficient and automatic method for determining the anatomical landmarks of three-dimensional(3D) mandibular data, and to preliminarily evaluate the performance of the method.@*METHODS@#The CT data of 40 patients with normal craniofacial morphology were collected (among them, 30 cases were used to establish the 3D mandibular average model, and 10 cases were used as test datasets to validate the performance of this method in determining the mandibular landmarks), and the 3D mandibular data were reconstructed in Mimics software. Among the 40 cases of mandibular data after the 3D reconstruction, 30 cases that were more similar to the mean value of Chinese mandibular features were selected, and the size of the mandibular data of 30 cases was normalized based on the Procrustes analysis algorithm in MATLAB software. Then, in the Geomagic Wrap software, the 3D mandibular average shape model of the above 30 mandibular data was constructed. Through symmetry processing, curvature sampling, index marking and other processing procedures, a 3D mandible structured template with 18 996 semi-landmarks and 19 indexed mandibular anatomical landmarks were constructed. The open source non-rigid registration algorithm program Meshmonk was used to match the 3D mandible template constructed above with the tested patient's 3D mandible data through non-rigid deformation, and 19 anatomical landmark positions of the patient's 3D mandible data were obtained. The accuracy of the research method was evaluated by comparing the distance error of the landmarks manually marked by stomatological experts with the landmarks marked by the method of this research.@*RESULTS@#The method of this study was applied to the data of 10 patients with normal mandibular morphology. The average distance error of 19 landmarks was 1.42 mm, of which the minimum errors were the apex of the coracoid process [right: (1.01±0.44) mm; left: (0.56±0.14) mm] and maximum errors were the anterior edge of the lowest point of anterior ramus [right: (2.52±0.95) mm; left: (2.57±1.10) mm], the average distance error of the midline landmarks was (1.15±0.60) mm, and the average distance error of the bilateral landmarks was (1.51±0.67) mm.@*CONCLUSION@#The automatic determination method of 3D mandibular anatomical landmarks based on 3D mandibular average shape model and non-rigid registration algorithm established in this study can effectively improve the efficiency of automatic labeling of 3D mandibular data features. The automatic determination of anatomical landmarks can basically meet the needs of oral clinical applications, and the labeling effect of deformed mandible data needs to be further tested.


Subject(s)
Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Software , Algorithms , Anatomic Landmarks/anatomy & histology
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(6): 1552-1559, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421811

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Craniofacial superimposition is a method for identifying individuals by using secondary data in order to identify a target group of persons before a DNA process can be used, or to identify an individual instead of using primary data in cases where DNA, fingerprint or dental records are not found. Craniofacial superimposition has continued to evolve, with various techniques, including computer-assisted and photography techniques, to help the operation be more convenient, faster and reliable. The knowledge of forensic anthropology is applied, with a comparison between anatomical landmarks. The study of developments in craniofacial superimposition using computer-assistance has yielded satisfactory results.


La superposición craneofacial es un método para identificar individuos mediante el uso de datos secundarios, se utiliza para identificar un grupo objetivo de personas, antes de que se pueda utilizar un proceso de ADN, o para identificar a un individuo en lugar de utilizar datos primarios en los casos en que no se cuenta con registros de ADN, huellas dactilares o dentales. La superposición craneofacial ha seguido evolucionando, con diversas técnicas, incluidas las técnicas fotográficas y asistidas por computador, para ayudar a que la operación sea más conveniente, rápida y confiable. Se aplica el conocimiento de la antropología forense, con una comparación entre hitos anatómicos. El estudio de la evolución de la superposición craneofacial con asistencia informática ha arrojado resultados satisfactorios.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull/anatomy & histology , Forensic Anthropology/methods , Skull/diagnostic imaging , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Photograph , Anatomic Landmarks
8.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(1): 148-156, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385580

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Missing data may occur in every scientific studies. Statistical shape analysis involves methods that use geometric information obtained from objects. The most important input to the use of geometric information in statistical shape analysis is landmarks. Missing data in shape analysis occurs when there is a loss of information about landmark cartesian coordinates. The aim of the study is to propose F approach algorithm for estimating missing landmark coordinates and compare the performance of F approach with generally accepted missing data estimation methods, EM algorithm, PCA based methods such as Bayesian PCA, Nonlinear Estimation by Iterative Partial Least Squares PCA, Inverse non-linear PCA, Probabilistic PCA and regression imputation methods. Landmark counts were taken as 3, 6, 9 and sample sizes were taken as 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 in the simulation study. The data are generated based on multivariate normal distribution with positively defined variance-covariance matrices from isotropic models. In simulation study three different simulation scenarios and simulation based real data are considered with 1000 repetations. The best and the most different result in the performance evaluation according to all sample sizes is the Min (F) criteria of the F approach algorithm proposed in the study. In case of three landmarks which is only the proposed F approach and regression assignment method can be applied, Min (F) criteria give best results.


RESUMEN: Los datos faltantes pueden ocurrir en todos los estudios científicos. El análisis estadístico de formas involucra métodos que utilizan información geométrica obtenida de objetos. La entrada más importante para el uso de información geométrica en el análisis estadístico de formas son los puntos de referencia. Los datos que faltan en el análisis de formas se producen cuando hay una pérdida de información sobre las coordenadas cartesianas históricas. El objetivo del estudio es proponer el algoritmo de enfoque F para estimar las coordenadas de puntos de referencia faltantes y comparar el rendimiento del enfoque F con métodos de estimación de datos faltantes generalmente aceptados, algoritmo EM, métodos basados en PCA como Bayesian PCA, Estimación no lineal por Iterative Partial Least Squares PCA, PCA no lineal inverso, PCA probabilístico y métodos de imputación de regresión. Los recuentos de puntos de referencia se tomaron como 3, 6, 9 y los tamaños de muestra se tomaron como 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 en el estudio de simulación. Los datos se generan en base a una distribución normal multivariada con matrices de varianza-covarianza definidas positivamente a partir de modelos isotrópicos. En el estudio de simulación se consideran tres escenarios de simulación diferentes y se consideran datos reales basados en simulación con 1000 repeticiones. El mejor y más diferente resultado en la evaluación del desempeño según todos los tamaños de muestra es el criterio Min (F) del algoritmo de enfoque F propuesto en el estudio. En el caso de tres puntos de referencia, que es solo el enfoque F propuesto y se puede aplicar el método de asignación de regresión, los criterios Min (F) dan mejores resultados.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Anatomic Landmarks , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Principal Component Analysis
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(1): 62-67, feb. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385586

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The femoral nerve (FN) is used for nerve block in many surgeries and provides effective postoperative analgesics in the pediatric population. However, although there are sufficient anatomical maps and signs for femoral nerve blockades in adults, there is not enough information for the pediatric group. Therefore, in our study, we tried to determine an effective area for safe block blocking with the help of bone structures in order to perform effective blockade in younger age groups. The study was conducted on 60 lower limbs. The exit point of the FN was identified. The measurements were examined in two regards, namely the level of the FN and the relationship of the FN with the surrounding structures. For the right and left sides, all the parameters showed increases with age. A significant relationship was found between all the parameters of the fetal cadavers (p<0.01). It was determined that there was a strong correlation between all parameters related to FN and surrounding bone structures (p<0.01). Sex was not found to be significantly related to the other parameters (p<0.05 Among all the fetal cadavers, high-level division was observed in six limbs (10 %), mid-level division in 33 limbs (55 %), and lower-level division in 21 limbs (35 %). Gestational age-based regression equations from my study showed that the site of the blockage could be effectively performed with the aid of palpable bone structures from the outside without the need for technical assistance.


RESUMEN: El nervio femoral (NF) se utiliza para el bloqueo nervioso en muchas cirugías y proporciona analgesia posoperatoria eficaz en la población pediátrica. Sin embargo, aunque existen suficientes mapas anatómicos y signos de bloqueo del NF en los individuos adultos, no hay suficiente información para el grupo pediátrico. Se intentó determinar una área exacta para el bloqueo del NF junto con estructuras óseas para realizar un bloqueo efectivo. El estudio se realizó en 60 miembros inferiores. Se identificó el punto de salida del NF. Las mediciones se realizaron en dos puntos, nivel del NF y la relación de éste con las estructuras circundantes. Para los lados derecho e izquierdo, todos los parámetros mostraron incrementos con la edad. Se encontró una relación significativa entre todos los parámetros de los cadáveres fetales (p<0,01). Se determinó que existía una fuerte correlación entre todos los parámetros relacionados con el NF y las estructuras óseas circundantes (p <0,01). No se encontró que el sexo se relacionara significativamente con los otros parámetros (p<0,05 Entre todos los cadáveres fetales se observó un alto nivel de división en seis miembros (10 %), una división de nivel medio en 33 miembros (55 %) y división de nivel inferior en 21 miembros (35 %). Las ecuaciones de regresión basadas en la edad gestacional del estudio mostraron que el sitio de bloqueo se podría realizar eficazmente con la ayuda de estructuras óseas palpables desde el exterior sin necesidad de asistencia técnica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Femoral Nerve/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks , Anesthesia, Conduction , Cadaver , Age Factors , Microdissection , Fetus , Anatomic Variation , Nerve Block
10.
Chinese Journal of Stomatology ; (12): 358-365, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-935875

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the establishment of an efficient and automatic method to determine anatomical landmarks in three-dimensional (3D) facial data, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in determining landmarks. Methods: A total of 30 male patients with tooth defect or dentition defect (with good facial symmetry) who visited the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from June to August 2021 were selected, and these participants' age was between 18-45 years. 3D facial data of patients was collected and the size normalization and overlap alignment were performed based on the Procrustes analysis algorithm. A 3D face average model was built in Geomagic Studio 2013 software, and a 3D face template was built through parametric processing. MeshLab 2020 software was used to determine the serial number information of 32 facial anatomical landmarks (10 midline landmarks and 22 bilateral landmarks). Five male patients with no mandibular deviation and 5 with mild mandibular deviation were selected from the Department of Orthodontics or Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from June to August 2021. 3D facial data of patients was collected as test data. Based on the 3D face template and the serial number information of the facial anatomical landmarks, the coordinates of 32 facial anatomical landmarks on the test data were automatically determined with the help of the MeshMonk non-rigid registration algorithm program, as the data for the template method to determine the landmarks. The positions of 32 facial anatomical landmarks on the test data were manually determined by the same attending physician, and the coordinates of the landmarks were recorded as the data for determining landmarks by the expert method. Calculated the distance value of the coordinates of facial anatomical landmarks between the template method and the expert method, as the landmark localization error, and evaluated the effect of the template method in determining the landmarks. Results: For 5 patients with no mandibular deviation, the landmark localization error of all facial anatomical landmarks by template method was (1.65±1.19) mm, the landmark localization error of the midline facial anatomical landmarks was (1.19±0.45) mm, the landmark localization error of bilateral facial anatomical landmarks was (1.85±1.33) mm. For 5 patients with mild mandibular deviation, the landmark localization error of all facial anatomical landmarks by template method was (2.55±2.22) mm, the landmark localization error of the midline facial anatomical landmarks was (1.85±1.13) mm, the landmark localization error of bilateral facial anatomical landmarks was (2.87±2.45) mm. Conclusions: The automatic determination method of facial anatomical landmarks proposed in this study has certain feasibility, and the determination effect of midline facial anatomical landmarks is better than that of bilateral facial anatomical landmarks. The effect of determining facial anatomical landmarks in patients without mandibular deviation is better than that in patients with mild mandibular deviation.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Algorithms , Anatomic Landmarks , Cephalometry/methods , Face/anatomy & histology , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Malocclusion , Orthodontics , Software
11.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(4): 1018-1024, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405232

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The aim of this study is to reveal the morphometry of the mental nerve to describe a safe zone for minimizing mental nerve damage during transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy-vestibular approach (TOETVA). This study was performed on 12 cadavers. Localization of mental foramen according to teeth, distances of buccogingival sulcus-lip (BG-L), mental foramen-midline (MF-Midline), mental foramen - buccogingival sulcus (MF - BG), commissure - branching point (Cm - Br), branching point - vertical projection of branching point on lower lip (Br - LVP), vertical projection of branching point on lower lip - commissure (LVP - Cm), commissure - midline (Cm - midline), angles of mental (AM), angular (AA) and labial branches (AL) and branching patterns were recorded. Type 1 was mostly found as branching pattern in this study (45.8 %). A new branching pattern (type 9) was found on one cadaver. Mental foramen was mostly located at level of second premolar teeth. According to morphometric results of this study; supero- lateral to course of angular branch and infero-medial to course of mental branch of mental nerve on lower lip after exiting the mental foramen were described as safe zones during surgery for preserving mental nerve and its branches.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue revelar la morfometría del nervio mental o mentoniano para describir una zona segura y de esta manera, minimizar el daño de este nervio durante la tiroidectomía endoscópica transoral-abordaje vestibular (TOETVA). Este estudio se realizó en 12 cadáveres. Se realizó la localización del foramen mentoniano según los dientes, distancias surco gingival-labio (BG-L), foramen mentoniano-línea mediana (MF-Midline), foramen mentoniano-surco gingival (MF-BG), comisura-punto de ramificación (Cm-Br), punto de bifurcación - pro- yección vertical del punto de bifurcación en el labio inferior (Br - LVP), proyección vertical del punto de bifurcación en el labio inferior - comisura (LVP - Cm), comisura - línea mediana (Cm - línea mediana), ángulos del mentón (AM). Se registraron ramos angulares (AA) y labiales (AL) y patrones de ramificación. El tipo 1 se encontró principalmente como patrón de ramificación en el 45,8 %. Se describe un nuevo patrón de ramificación (tipo 9) encontrado en un cadáver. El foramen mentoniano se localizaba mayoritariamente a nivel de los segundos premolares. Según los resultados morfométricos, supero-lateral al curso de la rama angular e infero-medial al curso de la rama mentoniana del nervio mentoniano en el labio inferior, después de salir del foramen mentoniano, se describieron las zonas seguras, para la cirugía y preservación del nervio mentoniano y de sus ramos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroidectomy/methods , Mandibular Nerve Injuries/prevention & control , Mandibular Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Endoscopy , Anatomic Landmarks
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(5): 1242-1246, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405280

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La utilidad de los puntos craneométricos en neurocirugía radica en la estudiada relación que poseen con las estructuras encefálicas y vasculares que subyacen, siendo relevantes al momento de planificar y realizar diversos abordajes y disminuir la morbilidad asociada. A pesar de esto, hasta el momento no se disponen de datos publicados de las distancias de estos puntos craneométricos en población chilena. Se utilizaron 45 cráneos secos de cadáveres adultos. Se realizaron mediciones de las distancias superficiales entre diversos puntos craneométricos mediosagitales. La distancia superficial promedio entre nasion y bregma fue de 12,71 cm; entre bregma y lambda, 12,34 cm; entre lambda e inion, 6,64 cm; entre inion y opistocranio, 5,16 cm; entre lambda y opistocráneo, 3,88 cm y entre inion y opistion, 5,16 cm. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre el grupo estudiado con datos obtenidos de la literatura en las distancias nasion-bregma, bregma-lambda, lambda-opistocranio. Las distancias entre los distintos puntos craneométricos en cráneos de población chilena fueron caracterizadas en el presente estudio existiendo algunas diferencias con los datos de la literatura que deben ser considerados en el contexto de la práctica quirúrgica relacionada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Skull/anatomy & histology , Cephalometry/methods , Cadaver , Chile , Anatomic Landmarks
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(2): 516-520, 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385607

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Cranial nerve injury is one of the neurologic complications following carotid endarterectomy. The hypoglossal nerve is one of the most frequently injured nerves during carotid endarterectomy. Guidelines suggest that proper anatomic knowledge is crucial to avoid cranial nerve injury. The aim of the present study is to provide landmarks for the localization of the hypoglossal nerve during carotid endarterectomy. 33 anterior cervical triangles of formalin-fixed adult cadavers were dissected. The "carotid axis" was defined and measured, the level of the carotid bifurcation within the carotid axis was registered. "High carotid bifurcation" was considered for those carotid bifurcation found in the upper 25 mm of the carotid axis. The distance between the hypoglossal nerve and the carotid bifurcation was measured (length 1). The relationship between the hypoglossal nerve and the posterior belly of the digastric muscle was registered. For caudal positions, the distance between hypoglossal nerve and posterior belly of the digastric muscle was determined (length 2). Carotid axis range 88.3 mm-155.4 mm, average 125.8 mm. Level of the carotid bifurcation within the carotid axis range 75.3 mm-126.5 mm, mean 102.5 mm. High carotid bifurcation was found in 19 cases (57 %). Length 1 ranged from 1.6 mm to 38.1, mean 17.5. Finally, in 29 specimens (87.8 %) the hypoglossal nerve was caudal to posterior belly of the digastric muscle, whereas in 4 cases (12.2 %) it was posterior. Length 2 ranged from 1 mm to 17.0 mm, mean 6.9 mm. Distances between the hypoglossal nerve and nearby structures were determined. These findings may aid the surgeon in identifying the hypoglossal nerve during carotid endarterectomy and thus prevent its injury.


RESUMEN: La lesión de pares craneales es una de las complicaciones neurológicas posteriores a la endarterectomía carotídea. El nervio hipogloso es uno de los nervios lesionados más frecuentemente durante la endarterectomía carotídea. Las guías de actuación clínica sugieren que el conocimiento anatómico adecuado es crucial para evitar lesiones de los nervios craneales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue proporcionar puntos de referencia para la ubicación del nervio hipogloso durante la endarterectomía carotídea. Se disecaron 33 triángulos cervicales anteriores de cadáveres adultos fijados en solución a base de formaldehído. Se definió y midió el "eje carotídeo", se registró el nivel de la bifurcación carotídea dentro del eje carotídeo. Se consideró una "bifurcación carotídea alta" para aquellas bifurcaciones carotídeas encontradas en los 25 mm superiores del eje carotídeo. Se midió la distancia entre el nervio hipogloso y la bifurcación carotídea (longitud 1). Se registró la relación entre el nervio hipogloso y el vientre posterior del músculo digástrico. Para las posiciones caudales, se determinó la distancia entre el nervio hipogloso y el vientre posterior del músculo digástrico (longitud 2). Rango del eje carotídeo 88,3 mm-155,4 mm, media 125,8 mm. Rango del nivel de la bifurcación carotídea dentro del eje carotídeo 75,3 mm-126,5 mm, media 102,5 mm. Se encontró una bifurcación carotídea alta en 19 casos (57 %). La longitud 1 osciló entre 1,6 mm y 38,1, con una media de 17,5. Finalmente, en 29 muestras (87,8 %) el nervio hipogloso fue caudal al vientre posterior del músculo digástrico, mientras que en 4 casos (12,2 %) fue posterior. La longitud 2 osciló entre 1 mm y 17,0 mm, con una media de 6,9 mm. Se determinaron las distancias entre el nervio hipogloso y las estructuras cercanas. Estos hallazgos pueden ayudar al cirujano a identificar el nervio hipogloso durante la endarterectomía carotídea y así prevenir su lesión.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Hypoglossal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Neck/innervation , Cadaver , Cross-Sectional Studies , Anatomic Landmarks
14.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(2): 455-459, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385624

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The tarsal tunnel (TT) is an osteofibrous tunnel that separates into proximal and distal tarsal tunnels. The most common nerve entrapment which involved tarsal tunnel was tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) which divided into proximal TTS and distal TTS because they had different compression areas and symptoms. We were interested in distal TT because this structure had limited studies. Therefore, we studied anatomical landmarks of locations and boundary of distal TT. We studied forty legs from fresh frozen cadavers and used two reference lines: Malleolar-calcaneal (MC) and navicular-calcaneal (NC) axes. The locations of the distal tarsal tunnel were defined by 10 located points and were recorded in X-coordinate and Y-coordinate. The lengths of boundary of the tarsal tunnel were measured from one point to the other. These results were reported as mean±SD. We found that the distal TT located deep to abductor hallucis (AbH) muscle. Medial wall of distal TT had two layers such as deep fascia of AbH muscle and deep thin layer. It showed the trapezoidal shape and was divided into two tunnels by the septum. The information of the location and boundary of the distal TT could improve knowledge and understanding of clinicians and anatomists. Additionally, this information could help surgeons improve their treatments, especially tarsal tunnel release.


RESUMEN: El túnel tarsiano (TT) es un túnel osteofibroso que se divide en túneles tarsianos proximal y distal. El atrapamiento nervioso más común del túnel tarsiano es el síndrome del túnel tarsiano (TTS), el cual se divide en TTS proximal y TTS distal debido a diferentes áreas de compresión. En este trabajo se estudiaron los puntos de referencia anatómicos de las ubicaciones y los límites del TT distal. Estudiamos cuarenta piezas de cadáveres frescos congelados y utilizamos dos líneas de referencia: ejes maleolar-calcáneo (MC) y navicular-calcáneo (NC). Las ubicaciones del túnel tarsiano distal se definieron en 10 puntos y se registraron en coordenadas X e Y. Las longitudes de los límites del túnel tarsiano se midieron desde un punto a otro. Estos resultados se informaron como media ±DE. Encontramos que el TT distal se ubicaba profundo al músculo abductor del hállux (AbH). La pared medial del TT distal tenía dos capas, la fascia profunda del músculo AbH y una capa delgada profunda. Se observó la forma trapezoidal del túnel la que se encontraba dividida por el tabique en dos túneles. La información de la ubicación y el límite del TT distal podría mejorar el conocimiento de los médicos y anatomistas. Además, esta información podría ayudar a los cirujanos durante los tratamientos, especialmente la liberación del túnel tarsiano.


Subject(s)
Humans , Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome , Anatomic Landmarks , Ankle/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
15.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(6): 1669-1672, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385544

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Surgical operations regarding to skull base are challenging and reliable anatomical landmarks are required. There is a lack of knowledge on anatomical variations in this region. The aim of this study was to determine the safe extracranial landmarks for surgical approach to the skull base. In this study, 23 adult dry skulls were evaluated: the age and sex of the specimens were unknown. All measurements were taken from external surface of inferior aspect of the skull by using digital calipers accurate to 0.01 mm. In right and left sides; the distances between the external acoustic meatus (EAM) and the following anatomical landmarks were measured: articular tubercle (AT); anterior margin of squamous suture (ASS); superior margin of squamous suture (SSS); posterior margin of squamous suture (PSS); end point of styloid process (SP); midpoints of pterygomaxillary fissure (PMF); foramen ovale (FO); foramen spinosum (FS); and of carotid canal (CC).The distances of the external acoustic meatus to the anatomical structures on the right and left sides were: EAM-SP; 24.24±3.19 mm, 23.16±3.17 mm; EAM-PMF; 46.56±4.51mm, 46.25±3.96 mm; EAM-FO; 27.57±2.87 mm, 28.70±2.85 mm; EAM-FS; 22.53±3.19 mm, 22.72±3.47 mm; EAM-CC; 17.35±3.56 mm, 17.19±3.39 mm; EAM-AT; 19.31±3.79 mm, 18.95±3.42 mm; EAM-ASS; 43.14±4.80 mm, 46.82±4.61 mm; EAM-SSS; 49.17±4.74 mm, 48.83±3.34 mm and EAM-PSS; 36.15±4.24 mm, 35.39±4.25 mm, respectively. We think that the findings obtained from this study related to external acoustic meatus can be an important reference for surgical anatomy and surgical procedures in skull base.


RESUMEN: Las cirugías relacionadas con la base del cráneo son un desafío, las cuales requieren puntos de referencia anatómicos confiables. Existe una falta de conocimiento sobre las variaciones anatómicas en esta región. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los puntos de referencia extracraneales seguros para el abordaje quirúrgico de la base del cráneo. En este estudio se evaluaron 23 cráneos secos adultos: se desconocía la edad y el sexo de los ejemplares. Las medidas se tomaron de la superficie externa de la cara inferior del cráneo utilizando calibradores digitales con una precisión de 0,01 mm. En lados derecho e izquierdo se midieron las distancias entre el meato acústico externo (MAE) y los siguientes puntos de referencia anatómicos: tubérculo articular (TA); margen anterior de la sutura escamosa (MASE); margen superior de sutura escamosa (MSSE); margen posterior de sutura escamosa (MPSE); punto final del proceso estiloides (PFPE); puntos medios de la fisura pterigomaxilar (PMFP); foramen oval (FO); foramen espinoso (FE); y del canal carotídeo (CC). Las distancias del meato acústico externo a las estructuras anatómicas de los lados derecho e izquierdo fue- ron: MAE-PFPE; 24,24 ± 3,19 mm, 23,16 ± 3,17 mm; MAE-PMFP; 46,56 ± 4,51 mm, 46,25 ± 3,96 mm; MAE-FO; 27,57 ± 2,87 mm, 28,70 ± 2,85 mm; MAE-FE; 22,53 ± 3,19 mm, 22,72 ± 3,47 mm; MAE-CC; 17,35 ± 3,56 mm, 17,19 ± 3,39 mm; MAE-TA; 19,31 ± 3,79 mm, 18,95 ± 3,42 mm; MAE-MASE; 43,14 ± 4,80 mm, 46,82 ± 4,61 mm; MAE-MSSE; 49,17 ± 4,74 mm, 48,83 ± 3,34 mm y MAE-MPSE; 36,15 ± 4,24 mm, 35,39 ± 4,25 mm, respectivamente. Creemos que los hallazgos obtenidos de este estudio relacionados con el meato acústico externo pueden ser una referencia importante para la anatomía quirúrgica y los procedimientos quirúrgicos en la base del cráneo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Skull Base/anatomy & histology , Ear Canal/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks
16.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(5): 1429-1435, oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385486

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The asterion is the joining of the lambdoid, parietomastoid, and occipitomastoid sutures. It is classified into two types, type I shows small bones or woven bones, while in type II, woven bones are non-existent. In this study, forty cadavers were conducted and observed the asterion on both sides of skulls showing the approximate ratio of type II and type I was 3:2. The asterion was located by measuring the distances from the asterion to skull landmarks, including inion, the root of zygoma, and mastoid tip. The mean distance between asterion and inion was 62.9 ? 6.0 mm. The mean distance between asterion and the root of zygomatic arch was 58.3 ? 6.1 mm, whereas the mean distance between asterion and mastoid tip was 51.1 ? 5.3 mm. The most common location related to the asterion was the dural venous sinuses on 65 % of tested sides, followed by infratentorial dura and supratentorial dura (25 % and 10 %, respectively). However, the authors found no differences between sexes, sides, and types in any underlying structures.


RESUMEN: El asterion es la unión de las suturas lambdoidea, parietomastoidea y occipitomastoidea. Clasificado en dos tipos, el tipo I muestra huesos pequeños o hueso laminar, mientras que en el tipo II, el hueso laminar es inexistente. En este trabajo se estudiaron 40 cadáveres y se observó el asterion en ambos lados de los cráneos correspondientes, mostrando una proporción aproximada de tipo II y tipo I de 3:2. El asterion se localizó midiendo las distancias asociadas a puntos de referencia del cráneo: el inion, la raíz del arco cigomático y el ápice del proceso mastoides. La distancia media entre el asterion y el inion fue de 62,9 ? 6,0 mm. La distancia media entre el asterion y la raíz del arco cigomático fue de 58,3 ? 6,1 mm, mientras que la distancia media entre el asterion y el ápice del proceso mastoides fue de 51,1 ? 5,3 mm. La localización más común relacionada con el asterion fueron los senos venosos durales en el 65 % de los lados evaluados, seguido de la duramadre infratentorial y la dura supratentorial (25 % y 10 %, respectivamente). Sin embargo, los autores no encontraron diferencias entre sexo, lados y tipo en ninguna estructura subyacente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cranial Sutures/anatomy & histology , Thailand , Cadaver , Anatomic Landmarks
17.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(5): 1289-1295, oct. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385510

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to examine the localization of the landmarks in the maxillofacial region and their relations with each other and to evaluate them morphologically and clinically. Our study included 41 dry adult human skulls of unknown age and sex of Anatolian population. Statistical analysis of the data obtained in our study was performed with SPSS v.20.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was accepted as P ? 0.05. Whereas the mean right supraorbital depth (SOD) value was significantly greater than the mean left SOD value (p 0.05). Correlation values in our study varied between -0.156 and 0.612. The highest correlation value was obtained in the positive direction between the orbital height (OH) and supraorbital foramen-infraorbital foramen (SOF-IOF) measurements (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). We believe that measurements of the orbit, SOF, and IOF and our data on their localizations, along with the relationships that we observed in our study will allow surgeons to avoid damaging the neurovascular bundles during surgical interventions and local anesthesia procedures in the frontal, periorbital, and maxillofacial regions.


RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la localización de los hitos en la región maxilofacial y sus relaciones entre sí y evaluarlos morfológica y clínicamente. Nuestro estudio incluyó 41 cráneos humanos adultos secos de edad y sexo desconocidos de la población de Anatolia. El análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio se realizó con el software SPSS v.20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, EE. UU.). La significación estadística se aceptó como P ? 0,05. Mientras que el valor medio de la profundidad supraorbitaria derecha (SOD) fue significativamente mayor que el valor medio de la SOD izquierda (p 0,05). Los valores de correlación en nuestro estudio variaron entre -0,156 y 0,612. El mayor valor de correlación se obtuvo en la dirección positiva entre las medidas de altura orbitaria (OH) y foramen supraorbitario-foramen infraorbitario (SOF-IOF) (r = 0,612, p <0,001). Creemos que las mediciones de la órbita, SOF e IOF y nuestros datos sobre sus localizaciones, junto con las relaciones que observamos en nuestro estudio, permitirán a los cirujanos evitar dañar los haces neurovasculares durante las intervenciones quirúrgicas y los procedimientos de anestesia local en la zona frontal, periorbitaria. y regiones maxilofaciales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Orbit/anatomy & histology , Face/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks , Jaw/anatomy & histology
18.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(3): 823-828, jun. 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385397

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar objetivamente las diferencias en la forma total (tamaño y forma pura) del neurocráneo entre un grupo de cráneos de gatos domésticos (Felis catus, n=81), y un grupo de gato montés (Felis silvestris, n=12) mediante técnicas de morfometría geométrica. Para ello se obtuvieron fotografías digitales del lado izquierdo de los cráneos de un modo estandarizado, y en las que se ubicaron 8 landmarks y 9 semilandmarks. Después de una superposición generalizada de Procrustes se procedió a un análisis de componentes principales y a otro de canónico a fin de comparar y detectar las posibles diferencias. Los tamaños neurocraneales no mostraron diferencias entre ambos grupos, pero sí que aparecieron diferencias significativas en la forma. Los cambios de forma afectarían principalmente la sutura escamoso-parietal-alisfenoidal y, en menor medida, puntos caudales del cráneo, lo que sugeriría cambios a nivel de músculos masticatorios. A conocimiento del autor, constituye esta la primera investigación que caracteriza y compara el cráneo de los gatos mediante métodos de morfometría geométrica, recomendándose un mayor uso de esta técnica dada la escasez de publicaciones al respecto en mamíferos domésticos.


SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to objectively compare the differences in the total shape (size and pure shape) of the neurocranium between a group of domestic cat skulls (Felis catus, n=81), and wildcats (Felis silvestris, n=12) by means of geometric morphometric techniques. To achieve it, we obtained digital photographs of the left side of the skulls in a standardized form, in which 8 landmarks and 9 semilandmarks were located. After a Generalized Procrustes Superimposition, a Principal Component Analysis and a Canonical Analysis one were performed to compare and detect possible differences. Neurocranial sizes showed no differences between the two groups, however, significant differences in shape did appear. Shape changes would mainly affect the squamosal-coronal suture and, to a lesser extent, caudal skull points, therefore suggesting changes in masticatory muscles. As far as this author´s knowledge, this is the first research that characterizes and compares the skull of cats using geometric morphology methods, recommending greater use of this technique given the scarcity of publications on this subject in domestic mammals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Skull/anatomy & histology , Felis/anatomy & histology , Cats/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks
19.
Int. j. morphol ; 39(3): 742-746, jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385405

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Personal identification is mostly done by facial assessment. The auricle plays a key role in the evaluation and recognition of the craniofacial complex. The aim of this study was to provide normative database using the measurements of the auricle among young males and females by anthropometric methods. Anthropometric measurements were taken from 115 participants, (56 men and 59 women) between 18-30 years old. Participants werestudents at Yasar Dogu Faculty of Sport Sciences of Ondokuz Mayis University. Each participant signed an informed consent form and then participated to the study. We found that the mean length of the right and left auricles were 58.30-58.52 mm, the mean width of the right and left auricles were 30.04-29.73 mm, the mean length of right and left lobules were 16.05-16.45 mm, and the mean width of the right and left lobules were 17.61-18.76 mm in female participants. The mean length of right and left auricles were 62.33-62.49 mm, the mean width of the right and left auricles were 33.60-33.96 mm, the mean length of right and left lobules were 18.49-18.11 mm, and the mean width of the right and left lobules were 19.19-20.47 mm in male participants. The data obtained from the present study may be useful for further studies. Also, the results may be useful for reconstructive surgeons to analyze the size and shape of the auricle.


RESUMEN: La identificación personal se realiza principalmente mediante evaluación facial. El pabellón auricular tiene un papel clave en la evaluación y el reconocimiento del complejo craneofacial. El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar una base de datos normativa utilizando las medidas de la oreja entre hombres y mujeres jóvenes por métodos antropométricos. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas de 115 participantes, (56 hombres y 59 mujeres) entre 18 y 30 años. Los participantes eran estudiantse de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte Yasar Dogu de la Universidad Ondokuz Mayis. Cada participante firmó un formulario de consentimiento informado y luego participó en el estudio. Encontramos que en las mujeres la longitud media de las aurículas derecha e izquierda era de 58,30-58,52 mm, el ancho medio de las aurículas derecha y izquierdas era de 30,04 a 29,73 mm, la longitud media de los lóbulos derecho e izquierdo era de 16,05 a 16,45 mm y el ancho medio de los lóbulos derecho e izquierdo era de 17,61 a 18,76 mm. En los hombres, la longitud media de las aurículas derecha e izquierda era de 62,33-62,49 mm, el ancho medio de las aurículas derecha e izquierda era de 33,60-33,96 mm, la longitud media de los lóbulos derecho e izquierdo era de 18,49-18,11 mm, y el ancho medio de los lóbulos derecho e izquierdo era de 18,49-18,11 mm. Los datos obtenidos del presente estudio pueden ser útiles para estudios posteriores. Además, los resultados pueden ser útiles para que los cirujanos reconstructivos analicen el tamaño y la forma del pabellón auricular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Sex Characteristics , Ear Auricle/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks
20.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 28(2): 86-91, abr./jun. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1491707

ABSTRACT

O conhecimento da localização dos órgãos nas diferentes regiões do corpo do animal é essencial para a prática clínica, cirúrgica e para o diagnóstico por imagem. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a anatomia topográfica abdominal do Didelphisalbiventris. Foram utilizados quatro cadáveres (animais jovens), dois destes destinados para o estudo macroscópico em peças a fresco e os outros fixados em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10%. Os cadáveres foram dissecados e as estruturas anatômicas identificadas, analisadas e fotografadas. A maioria dos órgãos localizados na região abdominal dos cadáveres da espécie D. albiventris apresentou posição similar aos dos caninos, porém, alguns órgãos e a localização de determinadas estruturas apresentaram particularidades importantes, como a presença dos ossos epipúbicos, a ausência do lobo hepático quadrado, a presença de um ceco desenvolvido e o cólon dividido em três segmentos.


The knowledge about localization of organs in different regions of the animal’s body is essential for clinical, surgical and diagnostic imaging practice. The purpose of this study was to describe the abdominal topographic anatomy of Didelphis albiventris. Was used four dead bodys (young animals), two of these was intended for the macroscopic study of fresh pieces and the others fixed in 10% aqueous formaldehyde solution. The corpses was dissected and the anatomic structures was identified, analyzed and photographed. Most of the organs located in the abdominal region of cadavers from species D. albiventris presented structure and position similar to canines, however some of these organs and localization of structures presented important particularities, like the presence of epipubic bones, absence of square hepatic lobe, presence of an developed cecum and colon divided into three segments.


Subject(s)
Animals , Opossums/anatomy & histology , Abdominal Muscles/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Landmarks
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL